10th April, 1996

Introduction and Welcome,
Professor William G. Chaloner, FRS, FLS, Department of Biology, Royal Holloway and Bedford College, University of London, UK.

Results of Mission One:
Two-Year Experimental Closure in Biosphere 2 (1991 -1993)

Biospheric Theory and Biosphere 2 Performance.
John Allen, Co-founder and former Vice President of Biospheric Development, Space Biospheres Ventures (SBV), Arizona, USA;
Chairman, Cyberspheres, Inc., California, USA; Chairman, Biospheric Design, Inc., New Mexico, USA (prime building contractor for Biosphere 2)

Coral Reef Ecosystem of Biosphere 2.
Abigail Alling, Scientific Chief and Member of First
Crew in Biosphere 2, 1991 -1993; President, Planetary Coral Reef Foundation, California, USA; and Dr. Phil Dustan, in charge of Biosphere 2 Coral Reef Health and Vitality Research Program, 1991 -1994; Professor of Biology, College of Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

Biosphere 2 Engineering and Design Performance.
William F. Dempster, former Director of Systems Engineering, Space Biospheres Ventures; President, Biospheric Design, Inc., New Mexico, USA.

Food Production and Nutrition for the Crew During the First Two-Year Mission (1991 -1993).
Sally Silverstone, Co-Captain of First Crew and former Director of Agricultural Systems, SBV; Vice-President, Agricultural Systems, Cyberspheres, Inc., California, USA.

The Rainforest of Biosphere 2.
Dr. Sir Ghillean T. Prance, Biome Design Consultant on Rainforest, Biosphere 2; Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Waste Recycling System of Biosphere.
Mark Nelson, Member First Crew, 1991-1993, and
former Director of Space and Environmental Applications, SBV; Chairman, Institute of Ecotechnics, London, UK.

Other USA Closed System Work

Comparative Analysis of Small Closed-Ecological Systems by a New Metric: Biospheric Energetic-Effciency.
Dr. Jon Shaffer, President, Closed Eco-Systems Technology, NY, USA.

Mars Base 0, A Test Platform for a Martian CELSS.
Ray R. Collins, President, International Space Exploration and Colonization Co., Alaska, USA.

Lessons Learned Studying Design Issues for Lunar and Mars Settlements During the Initial Period of Human Expansion into Space.
Craig Litton, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Remarks and Discussion
L ed by, Dr. Roger Binot, Life Support and Habitability Section, European Space Technology Centre, ESA.

Reception in the Linnean Society Library

11th April, 1996

Opening Remarks,
Mark Nelson, Chairman, Institute of Ecotechnics, UK.

Russian Closed System Work

Small Artificial Ecosystems and Biotic Cycles.
Dr. Nicholai Pechurkin, Associate Director,
Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia.

Microflora as a Most Active Element of the Ecosystem (Artificial and Natural).
Dr. Lydia Somova, Microbiology Lab, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia.

Biological Life Support Systems of Space Crews.
Dr. Ganna Meleshko, Head, Closed Systems Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP), Moscow, Russia.

Characteristics of Birds ' Motor Behavior in Weightlessness.
Dr. Evgenii Shepelev, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP), Moscow, Russia.

Altai Project: Concept of Interdisciplinary Scientific Center in an Opened Ecological System.
Dr. Sergei Zhukov, President, Moscow Space Club.

Prospects for Applying Biospherics Space Flight Conditions.
Dr. Alexander Mashinsky, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow; Dr. Galina Nechitailo, VP Scientific and Technical Centre "Ecology and Space," Moscow, Russia; Dr. Vladimir Syromiatnikov, Department Chief, Rocketry Space Corporation "Energia," Kaliningrad, Moscow, Russia.

UK Closed System Research

The Ecotron Project at Silwood Park: a Replicated Closed Environment Facility for Ecological Experiments.
Drs. Hefin Jones, John H. Lawton and Lindsey J. Thompson, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, UK.

Ecophysiological Responses of a Boreal Forest Ecosystem to Global Change.
Drs. David Beerling and Mark A. Wills, Dept. of Animal and Plant Sciences, Univ. of Sheffield, UK.

NASA & Other Closed System Research

Problems in Growing High-Yield Super-Dwarf Wheat in Microgravity on Space Station MIR.
Dr. Frank Salisbury, Utah State Univ., Logan, Utah, USA; CELSS Advisory Panel, NASA.

Closed Ecological Systems: Experimental Models to Study Very Complex Systems: Linking Thermodynamics, Information and Biology.
Dr. Andrew Brittain, NASA Marshall
Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.

Japanese Closed System Research

Precursor and Infrastructure Development for Manned Lunar Bases. Dr.Tsutomu Iwata, National Space Development Agency, Tsukuba Space Centre, Tokyo, Japan.

Biosphere J and CELSS-Related Research in Japan.
Dr. Seishiro Kibe, Space Research Group, National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan.

General Discussion & Close of Conference
Reception at The October Gallery

12th April, 1996

A field trip to the Royal Botanical Gardens.