Other Papers on the Science of Biospherics

    Bibliography of Papers and Reports on Biospherics

  • Allen, J., 1992. "Biosphere 2: Description, Purpose, and Conceptual Design." International Conference on Life Support & Biospherics, Univ. of Huntsville, Alabama.
  • Allen, J. 1995. Music of the Biospheres. In: Voices from the Edge. The Crossing Press.
  • Allen, J., 1996. "Biospheric Theory and Report on Overall Biosphere 2 Design and Performance During Mission One (1991-1993)." Paper delivered at Linnean Society (In process of submission).
  • Allen, J. & M. Nelson. 1989. "Ecology and Space". Biological Sciences in Space, Vol. 3, Number 1, March.
  • Alling, A., L. Leigh, T. McCallum and N. Alvarez-Romo, N. 1990. "Biosphere 2 Test Module Experimentation Program". Biological Life Support Systems, Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Life Support Technologies: Commercial Opportunities, (ed.) Mark Nelson and Gerald Soffen, Synergetic Press, 1990.
  • Alling, A., Finn, M. Nelson, M., Van Thillo, M., Dempster, W.F. 1993. "The Marsh Biome of Biosphere 2: Design, Creation, and Preliminary Results from an Ecosystem Model." (Draft to be submitted to Journal of Ecological Engineering).
  • Alling, A., M. Nelson, L. Leigh, R. Frye, N. Alvarez-Romo, T. MacCallum, and J. Allen. 1993. Experiments on the Closed Ecological System in the Biosphere 2 Test Module. Microcosms and Mesocosms in Scientific Research, Springer-Verlag, New York by H.T. Odum and R. Beyers.
  • An assessment of controlled environment agriculture technology. McLean, VA: International Research & Technology Corporation, Feb. 1978. call #:AGRI 50034.
  • Anderson, l. Biosphere II-A World Apart. New Scientist 121(1656), 18 March,1989: 34--35.
  • Augustine, M. 1987. Biosphere 2: Large Scale Earth Models. Advances in the Astronautical Sciences. Ed. Morgenthaler, G.W. and G. L. May 64. San Diego, CA.: Aerospace Century XX1, vol. 64. pp. 1305 -1312.
  • Augustine, M., C. Hodges, ______. 1987. "The Closed Ecology Project: Agricultural and Lifes Sciences Background." The Human Quest in Space, Proceedings of the 24th Goddard Memorial Symposium, published in Science and Technology Series of The American Astronautical Society, Volume 65.
  • Barlow,Connie and T. Volk. 1990. "Open systems living in a closed biosphere: A new paradox for the gaia debate", BioSystems 23: 371-384.
  • Begley, Sharon with Linda Wright. Not Your Average Terrarium. Newsweek, 1 June, 1987.
  • Bioregenerative systems; a conference held in Washington, D.C., Nov. 15-16, 1966. Washington,D.C., NASA, 1968. NASA SP-165. UofA call # NAS 1.21:165.
  • Biosphere XI: A Project to Create A Biosphere. High Frontier Newsletter 11(3). Princeton, N.J.: Space Studies Institute May/June, 1986: 2-3.
  • Boston, Penelope J., editor. The case for Mars. Proceedings of a conference held April 29 - May 2, 1981 at University of Colorado, Boulder. San Diego: American Astronautical Society, 1984. call #: BIOS 50010.
  • Boston, P.J. 1981. Low pressure greenhouses and plants for a manned research station on Mars. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 34:189-192.
  • Botkin, D.B., S. Golubic, B Maquire, B. Moore, H. Morowitz, and L. Slobodkin. 1979. Closed Regenerative Life Support Systems for Space Travel: Their Development Poses Fundamental Questions for Ecological Science. Cospar Life Sciences and Space Research, vol. 17, no. 3.
  • Botkin, Daniel B. et al. 1978 Closed regenerative life support systems for space travel. Life Sciences & Space Research 17: 3-12.
  • Bredt, James. Controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS) space experiment requirements & planned payload program. Unpublished paper. 17pp.
  • Closed life-support system. Moffett Field, California: Ames Research Center, April 1966. NASA SP-134. UofA call#: NAS 1.21:134.
  • Controlled ecological life support system. Proceedings of a NASA workshop held at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, Jan. 9-12, 1979. NASA Conference Publication 2232. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, May 1982. call #: BIOS 50012.
  • Cronise, R., D. Noever, and A. Brittain. 1995. Self-organized Criticality in Closed Ecosystems; Carbon Dioxide Fluctuations in Biosphere 2. International Journal of Climatology, vol. 16, 1-6.
  • Dempster, W., J.P.Allen, A.Alling, S.Silverstone, M.van Thillo. 2005. "Atmospheric Dynamics in the 'Laboratory Biosphere' with wheat and sweet potato crops." Advances in Space Research. Vol 35, P. 1552-1556
  • Dempster, W. 2005. "Tightly Closed Ecological Systems Reveal Atmospheric Subtleties. Experience from Biosphere 2." Advances in Space Research. In Press
  • Dempster, W. 1988. " Biosphere 2: Design of a Closed, Manned Terrestrial Ecosystem." 18th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems. SAE Technical Paper Series 881096.
  • Dempster, W. 1989. Biosphere 2: Technical Overview of a Manned Closed Ecological System. 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA. SAE Technical Paper Series 891599.
  • Dempster, William F. Biosphere II: Technical Overview of a Manned Closed Ecological System.SAE Technical Paper Series(891699). Warrendale, PA.: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1989.
  • Dempster, W. 1990. "Biosphere 2 Project Status: Design of a Closed Manned Terrestrial Ecological System." 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, SAE Technical Paper Series 901233.
  • Dempster, W. 1991. "Biosphere 2: Design Approaches to Redundancy and Back-up." 21st Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, SAE Technical Paper Series 911328.
  • Dempster, W. 1992. "Biosphere 2: Overview of System Performance During the First Nine Months." 22nd Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, SAE Technical Paper Series 921129.
  • Dempster, W. 1992. "Water Systems of Biosphere 2". International Conference on Life Support & Biospherics, Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville.
  • Dempster, W. 1993. System Dynamics and Observations during the initial two-year closure trial. 23rd International Conference on Environmental System, Colorado Springs, Colorado, SAE Technical Paper Series 932290
  • Dempster, W. 1994. Methods for Measurement and Control of Leakage in CELSS and Their Application and Performance in the Biosphere 2 Facility. COSPAR. Advances in Space Research, Vol. 14, no. 11.
  • Dempster, W. and M. Van Thillo. 1993. Maintenance and Operational Support Characteristics of Biosphere 2. 1993. Invited paper to the Space Programs and Technologies Conference, AAIA, Washington, DC.
  • Dempster, W. 1996. Biosphere 2 Engineering and Design Performance. Paper presented at Linnean Society, 4th International Conference on Closed Systems, April 10-11, 1996, London.
  • Down to Earth Space Station. National Geographic World(159) November, 1988: 19-2S.
  • Drew, Philip. Frei Otto - form and structure. London: Crosby Lockwood Staples, 1976. UofA call #: TA 663 D73 1976.
  • Dustan, P. and A. Alling. 1996. Coral Reef Ecosystem of Biosphere 2. Paper presented at Linnean Society, 4th International Conference on Closed Systems, April 10-11, 1996, London. (In process of submission)
  • Experiments on plants grown in space. Supplement to Annals of Botany, vol. 54 (Nov. 1984). call #: BIOS 50004.
  • Folsome, D. and J. Hanson. 1986. The Emergence of Materially Closed System Ecology. In: Ecosystem Theory and Application. N. Polunin., ed. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Ch. Xii
  • Folsome, Clair E. 1979. The origin of life. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. UofA call #: QH 325 F57.
  • Folsome, C.E.; Morowitz, H.J. 1969. Prebiological membranes: synthesis and properties. Space Life Sciences 1: 538-544.
  • Freundlich, Naomi J. Biosphere. Popular Science 229(6) December, 1986: 54 94. Gilmore, V. Elaine. Instant Shelter. Popular Science 236(6) May, 1990: 100-101.
  • Gedalia Shelef, A.M. et al. 1970. Algal reactor for life Support systems. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE: 91-110; February.
  • Gitel'son, I.I. et al. 1976. Problems of space biology, vol.28, experimental ecological systems including man. Washington DC: NASA, 1976. NASA TT F-16993. call #: BIOS 50015.
  • Gitelson, I.I., I.A. Terskov, B.G. Kovrov et al. 1973. Life Support System with internal control based on photosynthesis of high and unicellular plants. L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, SD Academy of Sciences, USSR.
  • Glenn, E., et al. Sustainable Food Production for a Complete Diet. Presented to the Second International Symposium on Horticulture and Human Health. unpublished.
  • Golueke, Clarence G.; Oswald, William J. Closing an ecological system consisting of a mammal, algae, and non-photosynthetic microorganisms. American Biology Teacher 25: 522-528; 1963.
  • Hamilton, J. and D. Botkin. 1992. Progress Towards a Carbon Cycle Model of Biosphere 2. Presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Closed Ecological Systems.
  • Hanson, J.A. 1984. Experimental ecosystems sealed in glass. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • Hanson, Joe A.; Folsome, Clair E. 1983. Progress report on materially closed, energetically open ecosystem research. Pasadena, CA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. call #: BIOS 50003.
  • Hays, N. Biosphere II-A Prototype for the Future. Computer 22(6), 1989:11.
  • Hess, S.L. et al. 1976. Mars climatology from Viking I after 20 sols. Science 194: 78-81; 1 October.
  • Carl N. Hodges [Director, Environmental Research Laboratory, University of Arizona].Biosphere II: Presentation to the National Commission on Space. Oracle, AZ.: Space Biospheres Ventures, 20 November, 1985: 6-11.
  • Hodges, Carl N. The Closed Ecology Project-Agricultural and Life Sciences Background. The Human Quest in Space: Proceedings of the twenty-fourth Goddard Memorial Symposium; Grenbelt, MD. Ed. Burdett, G.L. and G.A. Soffen 65(AAS Paper 86-120). [AAS Science and Technology Series] San Diego, CA: Univelt, 20-21 (1986) March, 1987: 256-271.
  • Hodges, Carl N.; Yarger, D.N.; Sellers,, William D. 1961. A new approach to the measurement of evaporation rates and the sensible heat flux from bare soil or short grass. Presented at 193rd national meeting of the American Meteorological Society, Davis, CA.
  • Hoff, J.E. et al. 1982. Nutritional and cultural aspects of plant species selection for a regenerative life support. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, March 1982. Prepared under NASA Ames grants NSG 2401 and NSG 2404. call #: BIOS 50005.
  • Ingelfinger, A.L.; Murray, R.W. 1975. Integrated water and waste management system for future spacecraft. Transactions of the ASME: 224-227.
  • Kadlec, Anne. Biosphere II: Home Away from Home-Interplanetary colonists may take a little bit of Earth with them.Colorado Engineer 85(4) Summer, 1988 (?): 3.
  • Kahn, S . Life Under Glass. Venture 9(2) February, 1987: 6748.
  • Kearns, Elizabeth A.; Folsome, Clair E. Closed microbial ecosystems as gas exchange units in CELSS. SAE Technical Paper Series 82057. 1982.
  • Kearns, Elizabeth A.; Folsome, Clair E. Measurement of biological activity in materially closed microbial ecosystems. BioSystems 14: 205-209; 1981.
  • Kelly, Kevin. Biosphere II: An Autonomous World, Ready to Go.Whole Earth Review(67) Summer, 1990: 2-13.
  • Kistner, Williarn. Mars Colony Grows in Arizona.Technology Review May/June, 1987: 12-13.
  • Kunkle, Paul. Biosphere II. ID: Magazine of International Design 35(5) Sept-Oct, 1988: 54 57.
  • Lacey, David. Same social implications of a generation starship. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 37: 499-501; 1984.
  • Leggett, Nickolaus E.; Fielder, Judith A. Space greenhouse design. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 37: 495-498; 1984.
  • Leigh, Linda [Space Biospheres Venturesl; Fitzsimmons, Kevin [University Arizona]. An Introduction to the Intensive Agriculture Biome of Biosphere II. Space Manufacturing 6-Nonterrestrial Resources, Biosciences, and Space Engineering; Proceedings of the Eighth Princeton/AIAA/ SSI Conference, Princeton, N.J. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 6-9 May, 1987: 76-81.
  • Levine, J.S., 1989. Global Ecology, Chapter III, "Photochemistry of Biogenic Gases", Academic Press.
  • Life in a Bubble. South(110), 1 December,1989: 125.
  • 'Life on Mars' under glass for 30 million dollars; Designers: Margret Antgustine, Phil Hawes, and others-. Architects Journal 183(23), 4 June, 1986:20.
  • Lovelock, James E. Daisy world: a cybernetic proof of the Gaia Hypothesis. CoEvolution Quarterly: 66-72; Summer 1983.
  • MacCallum, T., M. Nelson, J.P. Allen, L.S.Leigh, A. Alling, N. Alvarez-Romo. 1991. "The
    Biosphere 2 Project and its Applications for Space Exploration and Mars Settlement", The
    Case for Mars IV    , Volume 76, Science and Technology Series, American Astronautical Society, San Diego (in press, 1991).
  • MacElroy, R.D. and M.M. Averner. Space Ecosynthesis: An Approach to the Design of Closed Ecosystems for Use in Space.NASA Technical Memorandum(78491) June, 1978.
  • Maguire, B. , L.B. Slobodkin, H.J. Morowitz, B. Moore III and D.B. Botkin. 1978. A New Paradigm for the Examination of Closed Ecosystems. In: Microcosms in Ecological Research, B. Maguire and J.P. Giesy. Conf. 781101.
  • Maguire, Bassett, Jr. Some patterns in post-closure ecological dynamics (failure). In: Geisy, J., ed. Microcosms in ecological research. Dept. of Energy Symposium Series 52, CCNF 781101, 1980: 319-332.
  • Mammana, Dennis L. Biospheres: In Heaven As It is on Earth. Space World W-8-72. Washington, D.C.: National Space Society August, 1986: 9-1 1.
  • Mammana, Dennis L. The Argo-Nots. Space World W-8-72. Washington, D .C .: National Space Society August, 1986: 11.
  • Maranto, Gina. 1987. Earth's First Visitors to Mars. Discoverer. May.
  • Margulis, Lynn; Lovelock, James E. 1975. The atmosphere as circulatory system of the biosphere - the Gaia Hypothesis. CoEvolution Quarterly: 31-40.
  • Margulis, Lynn; Lovelock, James E. 1976. Is Mars a spaceship, too? Natural History 85: 86-90.
  • McCourt, Richard. 1988. Creating Miniature Worlds. International Wildlife. Jan-Feb.
  • Modell, Michael. 1977. Sustaining life in a space colony. Technology Review: 36-43.
  • Moran, Mary. Port-a-planet is under Construction in Arizona. High Country News 19(11), 8 June, 1987:4.
  • Morowitz, H., J.P.Allen, M.Nelson, A.Alling. 2005. "Closure as a Scientific Conceptand its Application to Ecosystem Ecology and the Science of Biospherics." Advances in Space Research. In Press
  • Morowitz, H., J. Allen, M. Nelson, A. Alling, J. Corliss. 1993. "Closure as a Scientific Concept and its Application to Ecosystem Ecology and the Science of the Biosphere." (In process of being completed for submission).
  • Myers, Jack. 1960. The use of photosynthesis in a closed ecological system. In: Physics and medicine of the atmosphere and space. New York: Wiley, 388-396.
  • Nelson, Mark., W.F.Dempster, S.Silverstone, A.Alling, J.P.Allen, M.van Thillo. 2005. "Crop yield and light/energy efficiency in a closed ecological system: Laboratory Biosphere experiments with wheat and sweet potato." Advances in Space Research. Vol 35, P.1539-1543.
  • Nelson, Mark. Bioregenerative Ljfe Support for Space Habitation and Extended Planetary Missions. Oracle, AZ.: Space Biospheres Ventures, 1989.
  • Nelson, M. 1990. "The Biotechnology of Space Biospherics." Fundamentals of Space Technology, ed. by Asashiman & Malacinski, Springer-Verlag.
  • Nelson, Mark. "The Biotechnology of Space Biospheres." Fundamentals of Space Biology. Ed. Asashiman and Malacinski. Berlin, FRG: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
  • Nelson, M. "The Emerging Science of Biospherics." 1991. World and I Magazine.
  • Nelson, M., L. Leigh, A. Alling, T. MacCallum, J. Allen, N. Alvarez-Romo. 1990. "Biosphere 2 Test Module: A Ground-Based Sunlight-Driven Prototype of a Closed Ecological System." Paper # MF 11.2.6, COSPAR XXVIII Plenary Meeting, The Hague, Netherlands. Published in Advances in Space Research, Vol.12, number 5, 1991 Life Sciences and Space Research XXIV (4), Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, ed. by R.D. MacElroy, M.M. Averner, T.W.Tibbitts, B.B. Bugbee, G.Horneck and E.H. Dunlop, pp 151-158, Pergamon Press, 1991.
  • Nelson, M., J.P. Allen, and W. Dempster. 1991b. "Biosphere 2: Prototype Project for a Permanent and Evolving Life System for a Mars Base." Pages 211-218 in R.D. MacElroy, M.M. Averner, T.W. Tibbitts, B.B. Bugbee, G. Horneck, and E.H. Dunlop, eds. Natural and Artificial Ecosystems. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
  • Nelson, M. and A. Alling. 1993. "Biosphere 2 and its Lessons for Long-duration Space Habitats". In: Faughnan, ed., Space Manufacturing 9. The High Frontier: Accession, Development and Utilization. AIAA, Washington, D.C. P. 280-287.
  • Nelson, M. and W. Dempster, 1993. "Biosphere 2 -- A New Approach to Experimental Ecology." Environmental Conservation, Vol. 30, Number 1, Spring.
  • Nelson M., T. Burgess, A. Alling, N. Alvarez-Romo, W. Dempster, R. Walford, and J. Allen. 1993. Using a closed Ecological System to study Earth's biosphere: Initial results from Biosphere 2. BioScience 43 (4): 225-236.
  • Nelson, M., S. Silverstone, J. Poynter, 1993. "Biosphere 2 Agriculture: Test Bed for Intensive, Sustainable, Non-Polluting Farming Systems, Outlook on Agriculture, Vol. 22, Number 3.
  • Nelson, M., W. Dempster, N. Alvarez-Romo, T. MacCallum. 1994. Atmospheric dynamics and Bioregenerative Technologies in a Soil-based Ecological Life Support System: Initial Results from Biosphere 2. Advances in Space Research. Vol 14, no. 11.
  • Nelson, M. 1996. Waste Recycling System of Biosphere 2. Paper presented at Linnean Society, 4th International Conference on Closed Systems, April 10-11, 1996, London. (In process of submission)
  • Nelson, M. 1996. "Bioregenerative Recycle of Wastewater in Biosphere 2 Using a Created Wetland: Two Year Results." Journal of Ecological Engineering. (In press).
  • Nobbe, Thomas A. Habitat to Test Unearthly Living. Machine Design 69(20). Cleveland, OH.: Penton Oublishing/Pittway Corp., 10 September, 1987: 3843.
  • Odum. H.T. 1996. Scales of Ecological Engineering. Journal of Ecological Engineering 6 (1996) 7-19.
  • Odum, HT. 1963. "Limits of Remote Ecosystems Containing Man". Am. Biol. Teach, 25: 429-443.
  • Peet, M.M. Effect of CO2 enrichment in solar energy collection/storage system for greenhouses. Unpublished paper.
  • Peterson, J., A. Haberstock, T. Siccama, K. Vogt, D. Vogt, and B. Tusting. 1992. The Making of Biosphere 2. Restoration and Management Notes 10(2): 158-168.
  • Phillips, John. CELSS And Cells: Controlled Environment Agriculture. L5 News May, 1980: 10-12.
  • Polunin, N. and J. Grinevald (1988). "Vernadsky and Biospheral Ecology", Environmental Consveration, Vol. 15(2): 117-122.
  • Prance. G. 1996. The Rainforest of Biosphere 2. Paper presented at Linnean Society, 4th International Conference on Closed Systems, April 10-11, 1996, London.
  • Robbins, Jim. Biosphere 11: Our Western Home in Outer Space. American West 24(4) Aug ust, 1987: 3841.
  • Scribner, K. and J. Avise. 1994. Cytonuclear Genetics of Experimental Fish Hybrid Zones Inside Biosphere 2. Proc. Nat'l. Academy of Science, Vol. 91, pp. 5066-5069, May, 1994.
  • Sagan, Dorian. Biosphere II-Meeting Ground for Ecology and Technology. Environmentalist 7(4), 1987: 271-281I.
  • Sagan, Dorian. Bioshelters.Omni 9 March, 1987: 59.
  • Sagan, Dorian and Lynn Margulis. Gaia and Biospheres. Boston, MA.: Boston University Biological Science Center; Nr. Bodmin, Cornwall, U.K.: Wadebridge Ecological Center., 20 October, 1987.
  • Salisbury, F., J. Gitelson, G. Lisovsky. 1997. Bios-3: Siberian Experiments in Bioregenerative Life Support. BioScience Vol 47, No. 9. p 575-585.
  • Savage J.A. Earth database compiled under the dome. Computerworld 23, 6 March, 1989: 1-2.
  • Secord, T.C.; Ingelfinger, A.L. 1970. Life support for large space stations. Astronautics & Aeronautics: 56-64.
  • Sellers, William D.; Hodges, Carl N. 1962. Energy balance of non-uniform soil surfaces. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 19: 482-491.
  • Severinghaus, J.P. , W. Broecker, W. Dempster, T. MacCallum, and M. Wahlen. 1994. Oxygen Loss in Biosphere 2. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 33, 35-37.
  • Shepelev, Yevgeny Y. 1972. Biological Life support systems. Pages 274-308 in M. Calvin and O. Gazenko, eds. Foundations of Space Biology and Medicine. Vol. 3 Academy of Sciences USSR and NASA, Washington, D.C.
  • Silverstone, S., M. Neson, A.Alling, J.P. Allen. 2005. "Soil and crop management experiments in the Laboratory Biosphere: An analogue system for the Mars on Earth® facility" Advances in Space Research. Vol 35, P.1544-1551
  • Silverstone, S. 1996. Food Production and Nutrition for the Crew During the First Two-Year Mission (1991-1993). Paper presented at the Linnean Society 4th International Conference on Closed Ecological Systems. April 10-11, 1996, London. (In process of submission)
  • Silverstone, S. and M. Nelson. 1996. Food Production and Nutrition in Biosphere 2: Results from the first mission September 1991 to September 1993. Adv. Space Res. Vol. 18, No. 4/5 pp. 49-61.
  • Son of the Earth. The Economist 312, 29 July, 198S: E4.
  • Space Biospheres Ventures. Biosphere 2. Oracle, AZ: SBV, 1989.
  • Spurlock, J.M.; Modell, M. Systems engineering overview for regenerative life-support systems applicable to space habitats.
  • Steacy, Anne with Barbara Wade Rose. A New World for the Future. MacLean's 101, 5 September, 1988: 60-51.
  • Stec, Greg . Building A Better Biosphere. Analog: Science Fiction/ Science Fact. Ed. Stanley Schmidt 63(8) August, 1988: 119.
  • Steinhart, Peter. Age of the Mesocosm. Audubon 90July, 1988: 10-14.
  • Stoker, Carol; McKay, Christopher P. 1983. Mission to Mars: the case for a settlement. Technology Review: 27-37.
  • Taub, Frieda B. 1974. Closed ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 5: 139-160.
  • Taub, Frieda B. 1963. Some ecological aspects of space biology. American Biology Teacher 25: 412-421.
  • Terskov, I.A., Gitelson, J.I., Kovrov, B.G. et al. 1979. Closed System: Man-Higher Plants (Four Month Experiment) trans. of Nauka Press, Siberian Branch, Novocibirsk, NASA-TM-76452, Washington D.C.
  • Terskov, ____. 1975. A Month Alone with Chlorella. NASA-TT-F-16463.
  • Test crew proves life-support system viable after 3 months. Product Engineering: 16; November 23, 1970.
  • Thompson, T. Lewis. 1966. Temperature variations in Puerto Penasco greenhouse. May 11, 1966.
  • Tischer, Robert G.; Tischer, Barbara P. 1963. Open sequence components of a closed ecology. American Biology Teacher 25: 444-449.
  • Turner, MarkHolman. It's A Small World After All. Sierra 73(5) Septmeber, 1988: 18.
  • Turner, Mark Holman. Building an Ecosystem from Scratch. Bioscience. Ed. Julie Ann Miller 39(3). American Instituteof Biological Sciences March, 1989: 147-150.
  • Ulanowicz, Robert E. 1972. Mass and energy flow in closed ecosystems. Journal of Theoretical Biology 34: 239-253.
  • Vajk, P. The Impact of Space Colonizab'on on World Dynamics. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 9, 1976: 361.
  • Van Thillo, M., W. Dempster, N. Alvarez-Romo, G. Hudman, T. MacCallum, S. Silverstone, M. Nelson, A. Alling. 1993. "From Theory to Practice: The Initial Two-Year Closure of Biosphere 2." In P.J. Boston, ed. Proceedings of the Case For Mars V Conference, AAS Science and Technology Series (in review).
  • Verdery, R. and R. Walford. 1998. Changes in Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Humans During a 2-Year Period of Dietary Restriction in Biosphere 2. Arch Intern Med/Vol 158. P. 900-906.
  • Vernadsky, V.I. . 1944. Problems of Geochemistry. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 3: 483-517.
  • Vernadsky, V.I. . 1945. "The Biosphere and the Noosphere",American Scientist, Vol. 33(1): 1-12.
  • Walford, R., L. Weber, and S. Panov. 1994. Caloric Restriction and Aging as Viewed From Biosphere 2. Receptor, vol 5. p. 29-33.
  • Walford, R.L., S.B. Harris, and M.W. Gunion. 1992. The calorically restricted low-fat nutrient-dense diet in Biosphere 2 significantly lowers blood glucose, total leukocyte count, cholesterol, and blood pressure in humans. Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, USA, V. 89, n. 23: 11533-11537.
  • Watanabe, D. J; Laubach, G.E. Life support. 1969. Space/Aeronautics: 81-87.
  • Walter Orr, Roberts. 1985. The coming global greenhouse warming: what we can and should do about it. La Jolla, CA: Western Behavioral Sciences Institute, School of Management and Strategic Studies, Monthly conference, March 1985.
  • Weber, Bruce. Works in Progress[column]: Noah's Ark: The Sequel. New York Times Magazine 137, 31 January, 1988: 62.
  • Wheeler, David J. Experiment in Arizona Desert Seeks to Help Scientists Understand Ecosystems, Prepare for Space Colonies. Chronicle of Higher Education 36(39), 7 June, 1989: A4-A6.
  • Willis, N.C.,Jr.; Samonski, F.H.,Jr. 1971. System features of a space station prototype environmental thermal control and life support system. Journal of Engineering for Industry: 1145-1151.
  • Willits, D.H.; Peet, M.M. C02 enrichment in solar energy collection/storage system for greenhouses. Unpublished paper.